Arabic Calligraphy / The Holy Qur’an

‘Verses referring to Old Testament prophets appeared in books dedicated to individual prophets.’

The importance given to the proper reading and verbal recitation of the Qur’an prompted the addition of supplements that included explanatory notes on the meaning of particular verses and guidelines for their proper recitation. These notes were either written within the outer margins of the page or added as a supplement at the end of the volume. While appropriate extracts from the Qur’an were combined with selected prayers and prophetic quotes from the Hadith (‘Sayings of the Prophet’), and published in separate books and pamphlets for use in prayers and supplications, verses referring to Old Testament prophets appeared in highly decorated and illustrated story books that were dedicated to individual prophets.

NameDynastyDetailsJustification
Half of the Holy Qur'anHegira 8th–9th century / AD 14th–15th centuryMamlukNational Museum of Damascus
Damascus, Syria
Surrounding the main text there are marginal notes scripted in blue, red and black ink; these guide the reader on vocal recitation, interpretation and grammar.
Prayer bookHegira 12th century / AD 18th centuryOttomanMuseum of Mediterranean and Near Eastern Antiquities (Medelhavsmuseet)
Stockholm, Sweden
A prayer book that includes a selection of chapters from the Qur'an and popular religious texts illuminated by miniature paintings and Islamic talismans.
Page of manuscript with Moses, Muhammad and the Archangel GabrielHegira end of 10th century / AD end of 16th century; probably during the reign of Sultan Murad III (AH 982-1003 / AD 1574–95)OttomanMuseum of Islamic Art at the Pergamon Museum
Berlin, Germany
From a Biography of the Prophet Muhammad. Moses advises Muhammad to request from God that Islamic prayers should be reduced to five a day.