Name | Dynasty | Details | Justification |
Memorial stone | Hegira 447 / AD 1055Taifa kingdom of Toledo, dynasty of Banu Dhi'l-Nun (Dhu'l-Nunids) | National Archaeological Museum Madrid, Spain | The cipo, a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical stele, would have been placed at the head of the grave of an important person. It was the most monumental stele used in the Muslim West. |
Funerary stele (gravestone) | Hegira Dhu'l-Hijja 423 / AD November 1032Zirid | Museum of Islamic Art Raqqada, Kairouan, Tunisia | The maqabriyya is sculpted in marble or stone and has a characteristic long, pyramidal shape. Maqabriyya would have been placed horizontally over the tombs of important families. |
Funerary stele of Abu 'Abdallah ibn Khalifa | Hegira 488 / AD 1095Hammadid | National Museum of Antiquities and Islamic Arts Algiers, Algeria | The maqabriyya is sculpted in marble or stone and has a characteristic long, pyramidal shape. Maqabriyya would have been placed horizontally over the tombs of important families. |
Funerary stele of Mukhlef ibn 'Uthman | Hegira 406–547 / AD 1015–1152Hammadid | National Museum of Antiquities and Islamic Arts Algiers, Algeria | The maqabriyya is sculpted in marble or stone and has a characteristic long, pyramidal shape. Maqabriyya would have been placed horizontally over the tombs of important families. |
Prismatic stele of Ibrahim | Hegira 490-541 / AD 1097-1147Almoravid | Museum of the Udayas Rabat, Morocco | The maqabriyya is sculpted in marble or stone and has a characteristic long, pyramidal shape. Maqabriyya would have been placed horizontally over the tombs of important families. |
Funerary stele 'with ears' | Hegira 9th century / AD 15th centuryNasrid | National Archaeological Museum Madrid, Spain | Circular, ceramic steles tended to be small with gold, reflective decoration. They would have been placed at the head and foot of graves. |