Date |
Country | Description |
|
537 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The church of Haghia Sophia in Constantinople is opened on 27 December by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I having been rebuilt after its destruction in Nika Riot (532). |
565 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Emperor Justinian I dies on 13/14 November. He was famous for his successful military campaigns and also for his reform of the legal code. He was also known as ‘the last Roman Emperor’. |
627 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The victory of the Byzantine army over the Persian army in the Battle of Nineveh on 12 December, which breaks the power of the Sassanid dynasty. |
674 - 678 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Siege of Constantinople by the Muslim Arabs. |
717 - 720 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Second siege of Constantinople by the Muslim Arabs. |
730 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The first period of Iconoclasm begins when Byzantine Emperor Leo III forbids the worship of religious images.
Empress Irene, who took power as regent for his son, Constantine VI (780–97), brought this period to an end with a council held in Nicea in 787 in favour of icon worship. |
842 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The ‘Triumph of Orthodoxy’ that marks the end of the second Iconoclastic Period (814–42) in the Byzantine Empire. Theodora, the regent for her son Michael III, orders the restoration of the icons. |
867 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Varangians attack Constantinople, the Byzantine capital. |
920 - 950 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Conversion of Oghuz Turks to Islam. |
976 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Basil II, also known as Bulgar-Slayer, ascends the throne of the Byzantine Empire. |
1037 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Great Seljuk Empire is founded by Tughril Beg. |
1071 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Victory of the Great Seljuqs over the Byzantine army at Manzikert. |
1075 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Foundation of the Anatolian Seljuqs (1077–1308). |
1080 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Süleyman Bey, conquering Iznik, declares it the capital of the Anatolian Seljuqs. |
1096 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The First Crusaders on their way to the Holy Lands arrive in Constantinople in December. |
1100 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Kılıç Arslan moves the capital of the Anatolian Seljuqs to Konya after being defeated by the Crusaders. |
1147 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The Second Crusades arrive in Anatolia on the way to the Holy Lands. |
1190 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The death of Frederick Barbarossa in the river of Calycadmus. |
1204 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Capture of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusaders; Nicea becomes the new capital of the Byzantine Empire. |
1225 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Anatolian Seljuq Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad marries the daughter of the Ayyubid Sultan al-Malik Adil. |
1229 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
A trade treaty is signed between Anatolian Seljuqs and the Venetians. |
1243 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The Battle of Kösedağ and the invasion of Anatolia by the Mongols. |
1273 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The death of poet Mevlana Rumi (born in Belh, Afghanistan, (1207?). |
1277 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
On 13 May Karamanoğlu Mehmed Bey declares that only the Turkish language is to be used for daily and official use. |
1299 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The foundation of the Ottoman Empire. |
1326 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Orhan Gazi captures Bursa, which becomes the second Ottoman capital after Söğüt. |
1361 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Murad I captures Edirne (Adrianople). As the third Ottoman capital, Edirne now becomes the headquarters for the further expansion. |
1402 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The Battle of Ankara between Tamerlane and Bayezid and the start of the Interregnum (Fetret) Period. |
1453 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul) by Mehmed II which brings the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine Empire) to an end. |
1478 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The first golden coin is minted by Mehmet II. |
1492 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The Jews thrown out of Spain are under the Ottoman protection. |
1514 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Victory of Selim I the Grim over Shah Ismail at the Battle of Çaldıran. |
1517 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Conquest of Cairo by Selim I the Grim. |
1520 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Sulayman the Magnificent takes the throne. |
1529 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
First siege of Vienna by the Ottoman Army. |
1538 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The naval battle of Preveza off the Adriatic coast. Barbarossa defeats Genoese admiral Andrea Doria. |
1566 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Sulayman the Magnificent dies on his last expedition to the fort of Szigetvar on the Hungarian border and Selim II ascends the throne. |
1588 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The death of Sinan, the master architect of the Ottoman Empire. |
1595 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The first Western musical instrument in the Ottoman Palace: .an organ sent by Elizabeth I of England to Mehmet III. |
1611 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Famous Turkish traveller Evliya Çelebi (1611–82) was born in Istanbul. |
1657 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Death of Katip Çelebi (1609–57), famous Turkish geographer, historian and bibliographer. |
1683 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The failure of the second siege of Vienna of the Ottoman Army. |
1718 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Tulip Period starts (1718–30). |
1721 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Çelebi Mehmed goes to France as ambassador. |
1789 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Selim III, a dedicated reformer, ascends the throne in the same year as the French Revolution. |
1792 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The start of the new army Nizam-ı Cedid (New Order) by Selim III. |
1793 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
First regular Ottoman ambassador in Europe (London). |
1826 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Massacre of the Janissaries by Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II. |
1828 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The fez is introduced, along with judicial, military and administrative reforms on more Western models in the Ottoman Empire. |
1839 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Tanzimat Firman (Reform) declared. |
1856 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The declaration of Firman of Islahat (Reform). |
1875 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Ottoman Empire declares bankruptcy. Balkan uprisings. |
1876 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The short-lived First Constitutional Period. |
1877 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The first parliament (Meclis-i Mebusan) is established. |
1881 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk is born in Salonika. |
1908 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The Young Turks Revolution overthrows Sultan Abdulhamid II. The Second Constitutional Period begins. |
1909 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Muslim counter-revolution is thwarted. The sultan is deposed and constitutional monarchy is declared. |
1914 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Ottoman Empire enters World War I on the German side. |
1919 - 1922 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
The War of Independence culminates in the creation of the modern Republic of Turkey in 1923. |
1922 A.D. |
Turkey |
|
|
Deposition and exile of the last sultan, Mehmed Vahiduddin. |