North Syria, north Mesopotamia [Iraq], southeastern Anatolia [Turkey]

Atabegs or atabeys were high-level state officials entrusted with the education of the Great Seljuq princes. They also had authority in military and administrative matters.
The atabegs took advantage of the contest for the throne among the sons of the Great Seljuq Sultan Melikşah [Maliq Shah] when he died in AH 485 / AD 1092 and proclaimed their independence. Among the most noteworthy atabeg states were the Atabegs of Damascus, the Zangids (Atabegs of Mosul), Ildenizids [Eldigüzids or Ildegizids], Salghurids and Atabegs of Erbil.
The Atabegs of Damascus were also known as the Tuğtekinler [Tughtiginids] or Börids [Burids]. This dynasty was founded by Tuğtekin [Tughtigin], who was appointed as the atabeg for the son of Maliq Duqaq, son of Tutush who was the brother of Sultan Melikşah, in 497 / 1104, following the fall of the Seljuqs of Syria. They fell to Nur al-Din Mahmud, the Atabeg of Aleppo, in 548 / 1154.
The Zangids are also known as the Atabegs of Mosul. This dynasty was founded by 'Imad al-Din Zangi, one of the commanders of the Great Seljuq Sultan Melikşah, in 520 / 1127 in Mosul. They fell in 619 / 1223 thanks to constant conflict with the Ayyubids.
The dynasty of the Ildenizids, also known as the Atabegs of Azerbaijan, was founded in 535 / 1141 by Ildeniz as vassal to the Seljuqs of Iraq. They fell to the Khwarazm Shahs in 625 / 1228.
The Salghurid Atabeg Dynasty was founded in 541 / 1147 by the Salghur branch of the Oghuz Turks, led by Atabeg Sunqur. They fell to the Mongolians in 682 / 1284.
The Atabegs of Erbil were also known as Begtiginliler [Begtiginids] and their dynasty was founded in the mid 12th century by Zayn al-Din 'Ali Küçük bin Begtigin in southeastern Anatolia and northern Iraq. They came under Abbasid rule in 629 / 1232.