Al-Franj: the Crusaders in the Levant
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Two Mamluk Sultans against the Franks
‘It was the Mamluks from Egypt who succeeded, finally, in driving the Franks from the Holy Land’.
Despite the increasingly successful efforts of the Ayyubid dynasty (564–658 / 1169–1260) to expel the Frankish Crusaders from the Levant, they did not fully achieve this aim. After another 50 years of struggle, it was the Mamluks from Egypt who succeeded, finally, in driving the Franks from the Holy Land and the Syrian coast.
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Citadel of Aleppo
Hegira 6th–7th century / AD 12th–13th century Zangid, Ayyubid and Mamluk
Aleppo, Syria
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