The Muslim West
Funerary Steles: Memorials in Stone
Decorative headstones
A new type of stele appeared under the Almoravids, first in al-Andalus and then in the Maghreb. This type was characterised by a carved decorative horseshoe arch supported on columns as a symbolic representation of the mihrab. A funerary inscription would appear within the arch, which in the example seen here (as in others), is limited to the name, lineage and titles of the deceased, the date of death, the profession of faith (Shahada), verses from the Qur'an and religious invocations.
Gravestone

Hegira 435 / AD 1044
Taifa Kingdoms
Museum of Islamic Art at the Pergamon Museum
Berlin, Germany
Judging from surviving examples, this type of decorated stele was available only to wealthy people of high social standing. It was used until the Marinid period, to whose artistic style the horseshoe arch can be attributed.