The Normans in Sicily
Islamicised Communities Before and After the Norman Conquest
'Farming and irrigation techniques were some of the more remarkable aspects of land organisation.'
The adoption in less fertile areas of irrigation and farming techniques based on a knowledge of the ancient world, along with other hydraulic engineering projects of Iranian origin (such as the impressive network of qanat), were some of the more remarkable aspects of land organisation during the period of Islamic rule.
Qanat (inside the Psychiatric Hospital)

12th century
Fatimid/Norman
Palermo, Italy
The qanat of the Conca d'Oro are underground irrigation channels.