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Timeline | 400 A.D.to 2000 A.D. | JORDAN

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Date

Country | Description

528 A.D.

Jordan

The Byzantine Emperor Justinianus (later Justinian) grants the ally of the Byzantines, al-Haritha ibn Jibla, the Arab-Christian ruler of the Ghassan tribe who settled in Syria and Jordan, the title ‘Baselues’ (king).

542 A.D.

Jordan

Sanctification of Bishop Theodorus as a bishop of Jordan and Palestine by the Empress Theodora according to the request of al-Haritha al-Ghassani.

570 A.D.

Jordan

The birth at Mecca on 2 July of Prophet Muhammad, the messenger of God who introduced Islam to the whole world.

613 A.D.

Jordan

The Sassanian invasion of Syria (Bilad al-Sham) begins under the leadership of Shahrbaraz, causing the destruction of many cities.

622 A.D.

Jordan

On 4 September Prophet Muhammad emigrates with the Muslims to the town of Medina. This event known as Hijra and marks the beginning of the Hijri calendar.

629 A.D.

Jordan

On 4 September the Battle of Mu’ta begins between the Muslims and the Byzantines at the site of Mu’ta in southern Jordan. The cause of the battle is the killing of messenger of Prophet Muhammad by the Ghassanids.

630 A.D.

Jordan

In October a peace treaty is made between Prophet Muhammad and the Bishop of Ayla, John bin Ru’ba in exchange for the payment of 300 dinars a year as poll tax for protection.

635 A.D.

Jordan

In January the inhabitants of Pella sign a covenant with the new Muslim rulers after the battle of Fihl (Pella) agreeing to pay poll and land taxes; the transition from Byzantine to Islamic rule at Pella was peaceful and uninterrupted.

636 A.D.

Jordan

On 20 August the Muslim armies overrun the Transjordan highlands. They go on to win a decisive battle against the Byzantines on the banks of the Yarmouk River, which opens the way to the conquest of Syria.

639 A.D.

Jordan

During the conquest of Jordan, a plague called ‘Emwas’ starts in Palestine and spreads all over Jordan. Among the 25,000 people who die are the companions of the Prophet who ruled the Jordan valley.

658 A.D.

Jordan

In February mediation between ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib and Mu’awiya is held at Udhruh in southern Jordan after the battle of Siffin to decide who will be the caliph of Muslims. Mu’awiya wins by trickery.

661 A.D.

Jordan

The Umayyad Dynasty starts its caliphate in Syria and Jordan under Mu’awiya ibn Abi Sufyan, who makes Damascus his capital.

728 A.D.

Jordan

An Umayyad town is established on the citadel of Amman comprising a palace complex, congregational mosque, residential units, a reservoir and a bath.

743 - 744 A.D.

Jordan

Several Umayyad palaces are built in Jordan, notably Mushatta Palace with its fantastic façade.

747 A.D.

Jordan

A ruinous earthquake destroys Jerusalem and most of the cities of Jordan at the end of Umayyad rule.
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