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Date

Country | Description

537 A.D.

Türkiye

The church of Haghia Sophia in Constantinople is opened on 27 December by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I having been rebuilt after its destruction in Nika Riot (532).

565 A.D.

Türkiye

Emperor Justinian I dies on 13/14 November. He was famous for his successful military campaigns and also for his reform of the legal code. He was also known as ‘the last Roman Emperor’.

627 A.D.

Türkiye

The victory of the Byzantine army over the Persian army in the Battle of Nineveh on 12 December, which breaks the power of the Sassanid dynasty.

674 - 678 A.D.

Türkiye

Siege of Constantinople by the Muslim Arabs.

717 - 720 A.D.

Türkiye

Second siege of Constantinople by the Muslim Arabs.

730 A.D.

Türkiye

The first period of Iconoclasm begins when Byzantine Emperor Leo III forbids the worship of religious images.
Empress Irene, who took power as regent for his son, Constantine VI (780–97), brought this period to an end with a council held in Nicea in 787 in favour of icon worship.

842 A.D.

Türkiye

The ‘Triumph of Orthodoxy’ that marks the end of the second Iconoclastic Period (814–42) in the Byzantine Empire. Theodora, the regent for her son Michael III, orders the restoration of the icons.

867 A.D.

Türkiye

Varangians attack Constantinople, the Byzantine capital.

920 - 950 A.D.

Türkiye

Conversion of Oghuz Turks to Islam.

976 A.D.

Türkiye

Basil II, also known as Bulgar-Slayer, ascends the throne of the Byzantine Empire.

1037 A.D.

Türkiye

Great Seljuk Empire is founded by Tughril Beg.

1071 A.D.

Türkiye

Victory of the Great Seljuqs over the Byzantine army at Manzikert.

1075 A.D.

Türkiye

Foundation of the Anatolian Seljuqs (1077–1308).

1080 A.D.

Türkiye

Süleyman Bey, conquering Iznik, declares it the capital of the Anatolian Seljuqs.

1096 A.D.

Türkiye

The First Crusaders on their way to the Holy Lands arrive in Constantinople in December.
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