Arabic Calligraphy
Calligraphic Schools
In the western provinces – North Africa and al-Andalus – the "Maghrebi" style of Arabic script was developed.’
A variety of calligraphic styles flourished at different periods, influenced by the social composition of the regions. In the western provinces – North Africa and al-Andalus – the ‘Maghrebi’ style of Arabic script was developed, influenced by North Africa’s Berber heritage. While in multicultural Sicily, the Normans produced multilingual inscriptions that included Arabic, to document and commemorate a variety of events.
Inscription in four languages

AD 1149
Norman
Zisa Museum
Palermo, Italy
The Arabic script – in the local Sicilian style – on the lower part of the tombstone records the death of the mother of a Christian priest in Sicily.